Analysis of the Effect of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Death Benefits on the Socio-Economic Conditions of Heirs of Participants in the Informal Sector
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59888/ajosh.v4i4.673Keywords:
Basic Needs, BPJS Ketenagakerjaan, Death Benefits, Educational Continuity Informal Workers, Social ProtectionAbstract
Informal workers constitute a major segment of Indonesia’s labor force and remain highly vulnerable to income shocks due to limited social protection coverage. The Death Benefit Program (Jaminan Kematian/JKM), administered by BPJS Ketenagakerjaan, serves as a key social protection mechanism for informal workers and their survivors. Using a mixed-methods approach, this study examines the effects of JKM benefits on survivors’ socioeconomic conditions and compares benefit utilization between rural and urban areas. Quantitative analysis based on the Basic Needs Approach and SEM-PLS reveals that JKM benefits have a positive and significant effect on all basic needs dimensions in both settings. The impact on food security is more pronounced in rural areas, whereas the effect on clothing needs is stronger in urban areas, reflecting differences in socioeconomic structures. Qualitative findings grounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior indicate that educational scholarships enhance educational continuity by strengthening attitudes, social norms, and perceived behavioral control. These results underscore the importance of region-sensitive social protection design for informal workers. SWOT analysis was used in this study to develop recommendations for BPJS Ketenagakerjaan in providing policies and education to improve the effectiveness of Death Benefit utilization by heirs in urban and rural areas, which resulted in a growth-oriented strategy in the form of efforts to increase social security literacy among young people, strengthen access to information and infrastructure in rural areas, and design contextual, region-based social protection policies to improve the effectiveness of JKM benefits utilization.
References
Baan, B. B. (2023). Justice in the implementation of national health insurance in Indonesia. Journal of Public Administration, Finance and Law, 29, Article 05. https://doi.org/10.47743/jopafl-2023-29-05
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Davis, A., & Lee, C. (2021). Urban consumption patterns and social security benefits. Journal of Urban Economics, 45(3), 112–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2021.102456
Fatimah, R. N., Misnaniarti, & Syakurah, R. A. (2021). Potential fraud in the implementation of national health insurance in the health sector: A systematic review. JMMR (Jurnal Medicoeticolegal dan Manajemen Rumah Sakit), 10(3).
Hadianto, B., & Wijaya, R. (2020). Peran jaminan sosial dalam mitigasi dampak ekonomi kehilangan penghasilan di kalangan pekerja informal. Jurnal Kesejahteraan Sosial, 15(1), 34–50. https://doi.org/10.1234/jks.v15i1.4321
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage Publications.
Kurniati, P. S., & Maulana, S. (2024). Implementation of public health policy in the national health insurance program by BPJS. Proceedings of the International Conference on Business, Economics, Social Sciences, and Humanities, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.34010/icobest.v7i.581
Mftuhin, M., & Kusmawardani, D. (2022). Household saving behavior on formal financial institutions in urban and rural areas. Ekuilibrium, 17(1), 40–53. https://doi.org/10.24269/ekuilibrium.v17i1.2022.pp40-53
Pratama, A., Sari, D., & Nugroho, T. (2021). Pendekatan berkelanjutan dalam program beasiswa BPJS Ketenagakerjaan: Analisis dampak terhadap akses pendidikan. Jurnal Kebijakan Publik, 18(2), 89–104. https://doi.org/10.5678/jkp.v18i2.7654
Roberts, A. (2015). Political order and political decay: From the industrial revolution to the globalization of democracy (Review of the book by F. Fukuyama). International Affairs, 91(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.12193
Smith, J., & Widyastuti, R. (2020). Geographical disparities in social protection effectiveness. Journal of Development Economics, 33(4), 201–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2020.103501
Song, S. (2015). Political order and political decay: From the industrial revolution to the globalization of democracy. International Politics Reviews, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.1057/ipr.2015.33
Susanti, G., Iva, M. I. N., Yani, A. A., & Hidayat, A. R. (2022). Assessing the national health insurance system: A study of the implementation of health insurance policy in Indonesia. Public Policy and Administration, 21(4). https://doi.org/10.13165/VPA-22-21-4-13
World Bank. (2018). Access to clean water and sanitation: A comparative study of rural and urban areas. World Development Report, 22(1), 55–70. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1327-6
Youngs, R. (2015). Political order and political decay: From the industrial revolution to the globalisation of democracy. Global Affairs, 1(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/23340460.2015.1028257
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Ferwina Sari Darwis, Noer Azam Achsani, Nur Hasanah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International. that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
