APPIRO: IoT and GPS-Based Brake Failure Detection and Early Warning Device for Freight Vehicles
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59888/ajosh.v4i6.683Keywords:
temperature, Thermocouple Type K sensor, Loadcell Type S, GPS IoTAbstract
Traffic accidents due to brake failures in freight vehicles in Indonesia account for around 90 percent of the total traffic accidents. This condition prompted researchers to create APPIRO (Brake Blong Detection and Early Warning Tool) based on IoT and GPS, which functions to provide early warning of potential braking system failures in real-time to reduce the number of accidents caused by freight transportation that experiences brake failure. This study aims to design, calibrate, and evaluate APPIRO tools in detecting over-temperature in brake systems and loads in freight transport vehicles. R&D (Research and Development) research methods include hardware design, application manufacturing, calibration of Thermocouple Type K, Loadcell Type S sensors, and limited scale trials. APPIRO's main components consist of thermocouple type K temperature sensor, S type loadcell, ESP32 microcontroller, GPS Tracker NEO6MV2 module, HX711 module, MAX6675 module, dual channel relay, 16x2 LCD, IoT-based Kodular application that displays real-time temperature, load, vehicle location data and early warning notifications. The calibration results at the Center for Standardization and Industrial Services showed a relative error of the thermocouple sensor of –1.11% and the loadcell of 1.48%, which is still within acceptable accuracy limits. Limited trials showed that in pick-up vehicles with a load of 2476.9 kgf, the brake oil temperature increased to 212.4°C so that the system gave a "Danger" warning, while in engkel trucks the maximum temperature was only 95.7°C with the status of "Safe".
References
?ati?, D., & ?ati?, V. (2025). Analysis of brake drum damage in motor vehicle braking systems.
Fadilla, R., & Andarsyah, R. (2020). Online geographic information system (WEBGIS) auction application intelligence PT. Pegadaian (Persero) using the research and development (R&D) method. Journal of Informatics Engineering, 12(2).
Fitriani, R., & Rahman, A. (2023). Vehicle technical failures and their contribution to road traffic accidents in developing countries. Transportation Research Procedia, 74, 320–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2023.05.041
Jusnita, J., et al. (2022). Drum brake heat control system with water cooler as a brake loss solution in trucks. Solar Engineering, 9(2).
Khatir, T., Bouchetara, M., Derrar, K., Djafri, M., Khatir, S., & Wahab, M. A. (2022). Thermomechanical behavior of brake drums under extreme braking conditions. Computers, Materials & Continua, 72(2), 2259.
Korlantas Polri. (2024). Laporan statistik kecelakaan lalu lintas Indonesia 2024. Korps Lalu Lintas Kepolisian Republik Indonesia.
Nugraha, H. (2021). Road safety challenges in Indonesia: An overview of traffic accident trends and policy responses. Journal of Transportation Safety & Security, 13(8), 917–931. https://doi.org/10.1080/19439962.2020.1826004
Prasetyoaji, A., & Widyatmoko, W. F. (2021). Development of multiple intelligence (Howard Gardner) identification based on Android application in determining student career decisions in Yogyakarta. BK An-Nur Student Journal, 7(3).
Pratiwi, E., et al. (2024). Design and build an information system at the Kartini Farma Clinic based on a website. Computer Science, 2(2).
Purnomo, A., & Wicaksono, A. (2020). Analysis of traffic accident characteristics and contributing factors in Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 852(1), 012045. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/852/1/012045
Putri, R. N., & Fransisca, S. (2019). Utilization of RFID technology for school inventory management with research and development (R&D) methods. Student Journal of Computer and Information Technology Applications, 1(1).
Sulardjaka, S., et al. (2023). Analysis of motorized vehicle roadworthiness requirements (main brake efficiency) on the brake tester BM 14200 test equipment at the Transportation Technical Infrastructure Test Center in Tangerang City. JPII, 1(8), 316–324.
Sutrisno, D., Widodo, S., & Hartono, B. (2022). Mechanical failure and its impact on heavy vehicle accidents: Evidence from Indonesian road safety data. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 14, 100606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2022.100606
Umaras, E., Barari, A., & Tsuzuki, M. S. G. (2021). Heavy vehicles brake drums—An accurate evaluation on thermal loads in severe service conditions. International Journal of Automotive Technology, 22(2), 371–382.
Wijayanta, W., et al. (2019). Safe limits of axle load and drum temperature reviewed from the brake efficiency threshold of Futura pick-up car. Journal of Road Transportation Safety.
World Health Organization. (2023). Global status report on road safety 2023. WHO Press. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240086511
Zaki, B., & Putra, S. D. (2018). Online workshop application using Android-based global positioning system (GPS) on CV. Automotive House. Journal of Information System, Informatics and Computing, 2(2).
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Fadhli Yusuf As Shiddiq, Sutan Muhammad Fachri , Bagus Andrianto
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International. that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
